As we travel through life, our perceptions of what is acceptable and appropriate shift. The difference in perspective has been particularly obvious in the representation of women in cinema. Growing up, women on the screen who appeared to exude strength, bravery, and candidness were frequently portrayed as morally flawed or callous or as rebel women, especially if they dared to be ambitious. Mothers in movies, like in real life, had no option but to don a god’s cape or face stigmatisation. Wives, daughters, and sisters were similarly forced to live within these one-dimensional imageries. After all, restrictions were put together and controlled by men with patriarchal attitudes toward women and the world.
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From the 1980s until the early 2000s, heroines were repeatedly fashioned to fit these stereotypes – they were dutiful, sacrificial, opinionless, always smiling, subservient, unambitious, and domesticated. As we look back, it is evident that these portrayals were not only flawed but also toxic, and it is critical to re-evaluate and appreciate the strength and distinctiveness of these characters, seeing them as rightly strong and human. In an annoying scene from the movie Vesham, the female lead played by Mohini alerts the newly married Gopika with a straight face, “Kalyanam kazhinjaal bharthaavinte kaalchuvattil aayirikkanam bhaaryayude swargam” (Post marriage, a wife’s life and heaven is right under her husband’s shoes), we see a clear contrast between societal standards and individual agency.
Let’s explore characters in Malayalam cinema to meet five women who were earlier titled rebel women but are current shining examples of empowerment and inspiration. All of them questioned traditional conventions, opening the way for a new narrative that values strength, independence, and honesty.
Shobha in Vatsalyam
Shobha, portrayed by Ilavarasi in Vatsalyam (1993), violated customary expectations and challenged patriarchal household arrangements. Her assertiveness contradicted the film’s glory of patriarchy, which portrayed her as a ‘bad woman’ for having an opinion. In contrast to the film’s romanticised ‘good women’—those who are selfless, obedient, and unambitious— Shobha stands out as a bad woman because she speaks her mind and opposes domestication. Shobha’s resistance resulted in harsh consequences, as demonstrated by her being slapped into submission. Initially viewed as a negative character, we now perceive and understand her actions as justified, emphasizing the need to reconsider storylines embracing gender equality in cinema.
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Shailaja from Bharya
Shailaja from Bharya (1994) defies patriarchal expectations by refusing to play the typical role of a daughter-in-law. Coming from a more financially secure family than her husband, she is subjected to harsh criticism for her incapacity or unwillingness to conform to the new, less familiar setting of her marital home. The household is controlled by women who are expected to be caregivers and self-sacrificing, which Shailaja vehemently rejects. Her character asserts her individuality and rejects societal pressure to conform to a docile mould, resulting in criticism and contempt. While initially seen poorly, current viewers see her rebellion as justifiable, emphasizing the value of uniqueness and self-respect in the face of repressive conventions.
Geethu from Njangal Santhushtaraanu
Geethu from Njangal Santhushtaraanu (1999) reflects the portrayal of modern women in Malayalam cinema at the time. She struggles to fit into the typical wife role anticipated by her husband and family, and she is subjected to humiliation and cruelty as a result of her failure to perform customary tasks. The film juxtaposes Geethu’s modernity with her husband’s sisters, who excel at domestic tasks, accentuating her perceived flaws. Geethu’s husband uses humiliating and abusive situations to ‘transform’ her into an ideal wife, claiming that they are ‘necessary for discipline’. Despite the mistreatment, the film defends the husband’s conduct and upholds patriarchal beliefs. Initially seen differently, present audiences recognize Geethu’s rebellion as a form of power and her persona emphasizes the importance of challenging harmful preconceptions and adopting fair perspectives on women’s responsibilities.
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Mridula from Kaliveedu
In Kaliveedu (1996), Mridula, played by Manju Warrier, challenges traditional marriage expectations and is chastised for her reluctance to conform. The film explores her marriage dynamics with Jayaram’s character, emphasizing their distinct duties and expectations. Mridula’s image as spoilt and selfish rationalizes her husband’s chauvinist behaviour and their consequent breakup. Meanwhile, her husband’s activities receive less scrutiny, boosting patriarchal ideals by justifying his dictated conduct. Mridula’s drive for equality was initially viewed unfavourably, but it is today acknowledged as a search for respect and partnership. Her refusal to be limited to the role of housekeeper exemplifies the larger struggle for gender equality.
Vasantha Kokila from Porutham
Vasantha Kokila from Porutham (1999) breaks traditional gender roles in her marriage, defying patriarchal standards with her progressive viewpoint. She refuses to meet servile standards and advocates for shared home tasks. Despite her husband’s irritation, Vasantha remains determined, as evidenced by her defiantly cutting her hair and countering his disparaging insults with reasoning and wit. Her wish to delay having children demonstrates her preference for personal pleasure over cultural expectations. Vasantha was first viewed negatively, but she is now celebrated for her bravery and independence. Her portrayal emphasizes the need to defy outmoded standards and empower women to establish their individuality and equality in partnerships.
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When we look at the rebel women of Malayalam cinema, we see beyond just characters on screen; we see trailblazers who defied conventions and questioned conventional expectations. Once labelled as rebel women, their tales today urge us to break away from expectations and embrace our individuality. These ladies emphasize the significance of shifting perceptions and keeping up with changing social standards. Filmmakers have to depict women as diverse beings with agency and autonomy, to shape a more progressive and inclusive society. Let us honour these remarkable figures and take inspiration from their defiance as we strive for a future where empowerment knows no limits.
